• Cleveland man charged with kidnapping, rape; no charges for 2 brothers

    In the Cleveland house where they were held for years on end, the three kidnapped women either remained chained in the basement or lived upstairs. Ariel Castro, who has been charged with four counts of kidnapping and three counts of rape, reportedly kept the doors locked. On the rare occasion that the women did go outside, they were heavily disguised, according to police. NBC's Ron Allen reports.

    The Cleveland man charged with holding three women captive for a decade impregnated one of them five times and punched her in the stomach until she miscarried, police said Wednesday in a chilling report on the kidnappings.

    The man forced one of his captives, Michelle Knight, to deliver the baby of another captive, Amanda Berry, in a kiddie pool, and threatened to kill Knight if the baby died, police said.

    Police made the revelations in a report that laid out a nightmarish captivity, including starvation and imprisonment in the basement. One official said the women apparently were allowed outside the house only twice, and briefly, in the years after they were captured.

    The Cleveland city prosecutor charged the man, Ariel Castro, with four counts of kidnapping — one for each of the three women and one for a baby that was born to Berry six years ago. Castro was also charged with three counts of rape for each of the adult women.

    But authorities filed no charges against two of Castro’s brothers who were arrested Monday night, after Berry escaped the house with the help of a neighbor and the other two women were freed.

    Authorities said they had no evidence that the two brothers, Pedro and Onil Castro, were involved in the kidnappings.

    The three captives — Berry, Knight and Gina DeJesus — were allowed only in the backyard when they were let outdoors at all, and were forced to wear wigs and sunglasses when they left the house, the report said.

    The escape came on Monday, when Castro went to McDonald’s and left a “big inside door” unlocked, the report said. That was when Berry broke through a locked storm door, afraid to open it further because she worried that Castro was testing her, the report said. Berry made it out and called 911.

    “From what we know, their only opportunity to escape was the other day when Amanda escaped,” said Ed Tomba, the deputy Cleveland police chief.

    All three women told police that Castro initially chained them in the basement, the report said, but he ultimately let them live on the second floor of the home, a shabby, two-story dwelling on Cleveland’s West Side.

    The women were not in the same room but did know the others were there, Tomba said.

    “As far as what the circumstances were inside that home, and the control he may have had over those girls, we don’t know that yet,” he said.

    According to the report, Knight told investigators that she carried Castro’s baby “at least” five times, and that when he found out, he “would make her abort the baby” — starving her for two weeks and repeatedly punching her in the stomach until she miscarried.

    When Berry’s baby was born, Knight put her mouth to the baby’s to keep it alive — and keep herself alive because Castro had threatened to kill her, the report said.

    Berry told investigators that none of the women had seen a doctor during their captivity, the report said.

    One police source close to the investigation cautioned earlier in the day that it was hard to be sure the women’s memories were completely accurate after such a long time in captivity.

    John Gress / Reuters

    Gina DeJesus arrives at her home in Cleveland.

    Earlier Wednesday, DeJesus and Berry returned home to their families, both greeted by cheering crowds and huge displays of balloons, ribbons, teddy bears and encouraging signs. DeJesus gave a thumbs up.

    “She was happy,” said her aunt, Sandra Ruiz. “She looked at the house and wanted a tour.”

    Knight remained in a Cleveland hospital and was getting mental health treatment, her mother said.

    Cleveland authorities said that a search of the Castro house had revealed no human remains. FBI agents returned to the house Wednesday and also searched a house two doors down that appeared to be abandoned.

    Authorities said they did not suspect Castro had kidnapped anyone else. They said they had questioned Castro about the disappearance of a fourth Cleveland woman, Ashley Summers.

    Castro was due in court Thursday morning for arraignment. The two brothers are also due in court Thursday, but on unrelated misdemeanor charges, authorities said.

    “There is no evidence that these two individuals had any involvement in the commission of the crimes committed against Michelle, Gina, Amanda and the minor child,” said Victor Perez, the city prosecutor.

    The three women were reported missing in Cleveland months apart: Knight in August 2002 after losing custody of her son, Berry in April 2003 after finishing her part-time shift at a Burger King, and DeJesus in April 2004 while walking home from middle school.

    The police report suggests Castro used the same tactic to capture each of them: He offered them a ride. In Berry’s case, he told her he had a son who also worked at Burger King.

    When Berry made her break for freedom years later, kicking the door and screaming, a neighbor, Charles Ramsey, helped free her. In her 911 call, Berry pleaded with the dispatcher to send help: “I’m Amanda Berry. I’ve been on the news for the last 10 years.”

    When help came, two police officers crawled through a broken panel of the storm door and kicked it open to allow other officers in, the report said.

    Two officers went upstairs, and the other two women threw themselves into the officers’ arms, it said.

    Berry is now 27, DeJesus 23 and Knight 32.

    A daring escape and a dramatic 911 call led to the rescue of three women who allegedly had been held captive for years inside a home in Cleveland.

    McGrath said that the house had come to the attention of police only twice — in 2000, when Ariel Castro called about a fight on the street, and in 2004, when Castro, a school bus driver, had left behind one of his passengers.

    The chief’s account conflicts with that of at least one neighbor, Israel Lugo, who told MSNBC on Tuesday that he called the police in 2011 after his sister spotted a woman with a baby in the home, banging on the window “like she wants to get out.”

    McGrath said that his department would have a record of such a call and that there was none. He said that he was “absolutely confident” that his officers did not miss a chance to free the three women.

    Ariel Castro, 52, was accused in 2005 of attacking his former wife, The Plain Dealer newspaper reported. Her lawyer at the time said that although the ex-wife had custody of their children, Castro “frequently abducts daughters and keeps them from mother,’’ the newspaper reported.

    Khalid Samad, a community organizer, told NBC News that Castro had accompanied him on searches for the missing women.

    First lady Michelle Obama told NBC News that the kidnappings were “probably a parent’s worst nightmare.”

    “These families are going to have to wrap their arms around these young women and make sure that they get all the help and support they need so that they will go on and lead healthy, normal lives,” she told TODAY. “We’re just grateful that they’re safe.”

    Richard Esposito and Jeff Black of NBC News contributed to this report.

    This story was originally published on

  • Timeline of the Ohio kidnappings: Three women's shared nightmare

    Amanda Berry, Georgina DeJesus, and Michelle Knight were all kidnapped roughly ten years ago in the Cleveland area and were held captive in a home until yesterday when a neighbor heard Berry screaming for help. NBC's Kristen Dahlgren reports.

    It's a story with a happy ending over a decade in the making. A daring escape and a dramatic 911 call led to the rescue of three women who allegedly had been held captive for years inside a home in Cleveland, Ohio. Below is a timeline of events in the case, from before the women first  disappeared to their eventual freedom. 

    2000: Police visit the Cleveland home of the three Castro brothers, who years later would be placed into custody for the kidnappings of Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry, and Georgina "Gina" DeJesus. At the time, police were responding to a call about a fight involving Ariel Castro, one of the brothers, then a bus driver.

    Aug. 22, 2002: Michelle Knight, then 21 years old, disappears. She is last seen at a cousin's house in Cleveland, according to Cleveland.com. She is reported missing the following day to police, but some family members believe she may have left on her own because she was angry that she had lost custody of her son, according to Cleveland.com. As a result, her disappearance and her photo are not widely publicized.

    April 21, 2003: Amanda Berry calls her sister to tell her she's getting a ride home from her job at a fast food restaurant on the day before her 17th birthday. According to authorities, she got into a white, four-door sedan with three men inside. She doesn't make it home and is reported missing, prompting a huge search involving national publicity.

    Nov. 15, 2003: The FBI reveals that a week after Berry vanished, her mom received a phone call from her cellphone. A male voice said, "I have Amanda. She’s fine and will be coming home in a couple of days.” Authorities are unable to determine the authenticity of the call.


    January 2004: Police make their second visit in four years to the home of the Castro brothers. Ariel Castro, the bus driver, had been accused of leaving a child on a bus; when authorities knocked on the door, no one answered. They later interviewed him and discovered he had "inadvertently" left the child on the school bus, according to The New York Times. Officials determined there was no criminal intent, and he was not charged.

    March 6, 2004: The FBI announces that the body of a teenage girl found near San Diego earlier in the week isn't a match for Berry's dental records.

    April 2, 2004: Gina DeJesus, then 14, vanishes while walking home from school in Cleveland. Her case bears striking similarities to Berry's: Both girls disappeared within in the same five-block radius, both girls were about 5'1'', and neither had a history of running away from home.

    April 9, 2004: Police looking for DeJesus tell the public they are seeking a Hispanic man driving a light-color, older-model, compact car with a license plate that includes the letters "SMS," driving in the area where DeJesus disappeared from. 

    November 2004: Berry's case is featured on "America's Most Wanted." The same month, psychic Sylvia Browne appeared on Montel Williams' nationally syndicated TV show alongside Berry's mother, and tells her that her daughter is probably dead.

    Oct. 24, 2005: DeJesus' parents, Nancy and Felix, make a national plea on the syndicated program "Maury" to ask for help finding their daughter.

    March 2, 2006: Berry's mother, Louwana Miller, dies of heart failure at age 43, nearly three years after she started the search for her daughter. “I want her on the news. She’s faded away from the whole world. It just kills me. This is killing me,” Miller had told a Cleveland Plain Dealer reporter who she often asked to write more about her daughter.

    Sept. 21, 2006: Police arrest Matthew Hurayt, a 35-year-old registered sex offender, after receiving a tip that DeJesus' body was buried beneath his garage on Cleveland's West Side. A search of his home yields nothing.

    July 6, 2007: Another Cleveland girl, Ashley Summers, 14, disappears without a trace from the same neighborhood as Berry and DeJesus. Her disappearance puts Cleveland on edge, and attracts more media attention than ever to the neighborhood and its unsolved crimes -- even though it isn't clear if there is a connection.

    April 2009: FBI says it suspects Amanda Berry, Gina DeJesus, and Ashley Summers may have all been kidnapped by one man.

    Sept. 8, 2009: Police rule out the possibility that a body found in Wisconsin the previous November is Berry's after DNA tests come back negative.

    January 2013: A Cleveland inmate, Robert Wolford, is sentenced to four-and-a-half years for providing a false burial tip in Berry's disappearance, sending authorities to a Cleveland lot in the summer of 2012 to dig for her remains.

    May 6, 2013: A neighbor hears a noise coming from the door of the Castro home. Stuck inside, Berry is trying to bust through, "kicking the door and screaming," said the neighbor, Charles Ramsey. "‘I’ve been kidnapped and I’ve been in this house a long time and I want to leave right now,’” Berry said, according to Ramsey, who helps kick the locked door down.

    Once the door is open, Ramsey gives Berry his phone so she can call 911. She has a child with her. Police arrest the three Castro brothers: Ariel, 52, Pedro, 54, and O'Neil, 50.  The three women inside the home, plus the 6-year-old child, are taken to a hospital. Summers is still missing.

    May 7, 2013: The three women are released from the hospital Tuesday morning.

    In a press conference, police commend Berry for getting herself and the other women out of the house. "The real hero here is Amanda," said Cleveland Deputy Police Chief Ed Tomba.

    As of Tuesday afternoon, no charges had been filed yet against the three suspects.

    Related content:

  • House arrest and $100,000 bail for 'frightened' friend of Tsarnaev

    Jane Flavell Collins / AP

    In a courtroom sketch, Robel Phillipos appears before a federal magistrate last week. Phillipos and two other college friends of Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev were arrested and charged with removing a backpack containing hollowed-out fireworks from Tsarnaev's dorm room.

    A friend of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev charged with lying to federal investigators after the Boston Marathon bombings was placed on house arrest Monday after posting $100,000 bail.

    The friend, Robel Phillipos, was ordered released into the custody of his mother. He will have to wear an electronic monitoring bracelet and submit to drug testing. He will not be allowed to leave home except for court appearances and 911 emergencies.

    Federal prosecutors and lawyers for Phillipos had filed a joint motion earlier in the day encouraging a judge to put him on house arrest after determining that he was not a flight risk.

    Lawyers for Phillipos, 19, had said over the weekend that their client was “frightened and confused” when he was questioned by investigators days after the attack, and argued that he had nothing to do with the attack itself.

    Phillipos is one of three friends of Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the bombings, who were arrested last week after they were questioned about the removal of a backpack and fireworks from Tsarnaev’s dorm room three days after the blasts.

    Susan Church, one of the attorneys for Robel Phillipos says, "at no time did Robel have any prior knowledge of this marathon bombing; nor participate in any of the planning done by defendant in case."

    Phillipos spoke only once during his hearing Monday. When the judge asked whether he understood the terms of his release, he answered, “Yes.” U.S. Magistrate Judge Marianne Bowler set his next hearing for May 17.

    Family or friends of Phillipos — it was not clear which — said they would put up real estate to meet the $100,000 bond.

    Outside court, one of Phillipos’ lawyers, Susan Church, emphasized that he is not charged with removing evidence. Two Kazakh students, Dias Kadyrbayev and Azamat Tazhayakov, are charged with that crime.

    “Just like all Americans and all people from Boston, Robel is grieving at the tragedy and the lives lost forever,” she said.

    All three men knew Tsarnaev from the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth. In the court papers, lawyers described Phillipos as mild-mannered and peaceful, without a criminal record and with deep ties to his family, his church and the community in Cambridge, Mass.

    The lawyers argued that Phillipos was questioned without a lawyer and made himself available to federal authorities at all times. The charge of lying has ruined what was a bright future, they said.

    “This case is about a frightened and confused 19-year-old who was subjected to intense questioning and interrogation, without the benefit of counsel, and in the context of one of the worst attacks against the nation,” the lawyers wrote.

    The papers seek to distance Phillipos from the two Kazakhs and from Tsarnaev. Phillipos had taken a leave of absence for the spring semester and had not been in touch with the other three for more than two months, the lawyers argued.

    It was only by “sheer coincidence and bad luck,” the lawyers wrote, that Phillipos was invited to attend a campus seminar on April 18, the day the backpack and fireworks were removed from Tsarnaev’s dorm room.

    The lawyers also submitted 17 letters from people who know Phillipos, including his mother, attesting to his character. One was from a community soccer coach who said Phillipos was “very respectful” and excelled despite being the smallest player.

    His mother, Genet Bekele, wrote that the family, which is of Ethiopian descent, looks forward to the marathon each year and cheers, on the sidelines or watching on television, as Ethiopians cross the finish line.

    After the bombings, “We mourned for those who lost their lives and prayed for the injured,” she wrote. “My son wants nothing more than the opportunity to clear his name.”

    Tsarnaev, 19, who is in a federal prison hospital in Massachusetts, has been charged with using a weapon of mass destruction and could face the death penalty. He was wounded in a firefight with police before he was captured April 19.

    Tamerlan Tsarnaev's uncle is in Massachusetts to arrange his burial, but four cemeteries have refused to bury him and protesters have set up camp outside the funeral parlor where his body is being held. NBC's Katy Tur reports.

    His brother, Tamerlan, was killed in the firefight. A funeral parlor in Worcester, Mass., accepted the body, but as of Sunday the Tsarnaev family had not found a cemetery willing to bury him.

    Three people were killed and more than 200 injured when two bombs went off April 15 near the marathon finish line. Twelve people remained in Boston hospitals Sunday.

    The One Fund Boston, which has raised more than $28 million for victims, plans to hold a town hall meeting in Boston on Monday to discuss plans for how the money will be distributed.

     

    This story was originally published on

  • Navy cruise unites families with sailors returning home

    After an eight-month deployment in the Persian Gulf, the USS John Stennis picked up the sailors' family and friends for a six-day cruise from Hawaii to San Diego. NBC's Miguel Almaguer reports.

    After an eight-month deployment, the USS John C. Stennis headed home from the Persian Gulf where it played a vital role providing air support to troops in Afghanistan.

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    But on its way back it had another mission -- to pick up family and friends in Hawaii so they could experience life aboard the Stennis.


    Steven Louie/NBC News

    Aaniya Dorrah tries on a fireman's suit on the John C. Stennis.

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    A "Tiger" wears a pilots helmet while getting a tutorial on the Navy's F-18 fighter jet.

    The "Tiger Cruise" is the Navy's special take on bringing your loved one to work. 

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    The Lemons family, Samantha, Michael, and Micheal Jr., watch the Navy's air power demonstration aboard the USS John C. Stennis.

    More than 1100 family members and friends gathered to join the crew for a six-day cruise. The 'Tigers' are any friend or family member of the sailor, with the exception of spouses or significant others, invited to experience life, and sailors' duties, out at sea.

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    A family of "Tigers" gathers on the flight deck of the USS John C. Stennis before departing Pearl Harbor.

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    All the sights and sounds that accompany the sailors' work on board made memories that will last these families a lifetime. 

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    The American flag flies off the stern of the USS John C. Stennis in Pearl Harbor with the USS Arizona Memorial just behind.

    Steven Louie/NBC News

    An F-18 fighter jet sits atop the flight deck of the USS John C. Stennis.

     

  • Despite safer border cities, undocumented immigrants flow through rural areas

    As the national debate over comprehensive immigration reform plays out, the question looms: just how secure is the U.S. border with Mexico? NBC's Mark Potter reports.

    By Mark Potter, Correspondent, NBC News

    TUCSON, ARIZ. – On a helicopter inspection tour above the rugged mountains and vast desert in southern Arizona, Commander Jeffrey Self of U.S. Customs and Border Protection reflected on how much security has improved along the U.S.-Mexican border during his long career.

    "After the vehicle barriers were built, and with the checkpoints going up, we're experiencing zero [undocumented immigrant] drive-throughs in an area where we were having 30, 40, 50 in a 24-hour period," he said, pointing to miles of vehicle barriers placed in the desert along the frontier.

    During an aerial tour of the Arizona border, Commander Jeffrey Self, U.S. Border Patrol, told NBC's Mark Potter as border security has increased, the apprehensions of immigrants crossing the border illegally has dropped dramatically.

    U.S. Border Patrol has greatly reduced the number of cars and trucks loaded with people and drugs driving across the desert from Mexico into the United States. That, Self explained, has freed agents to focus their attention on immigrant and drug smugglers who walk across the border.  In the meantime, he added, authorities have also greatly reduced the number of hiking trails used by smugglers.

    "In Arizona we have been very successful in increasing border security," Self said. "Over the course of many years now we've been resourced with tactical infrastructure, technology and personnel and they've been employed in a fashion that's gotten us greater results."

    While conceding there are still many areas where drug and immigrant smugglers cross illegally into the U.S. -- often on private ranch land -- Self argued the threat has decreased dramatically and will continue to do so.


    Mark Potter/NBC News

    The U.S. border vehicle barrier used by authorities to stop trucks and cars from crossing the Mexican border in southern Arizona.

    As the national debate over comprehensive immigration reform plays out, the question looms: just how secure is the U.S. border with Mexico? The answer appears to be mixed, with definite improvements nationwide and a downward trend in illegal immigration in most places – especially in the cities. But there are some areas, in rural Arizona and Texas, where residents insist the border is neither secure nor safe.

    Gary Thrasher, a veterinarian and rancher in southern Arizona near Bisbee, says the rural border area where he works is actually less safe now than it was years ago, because of an increase in the number of armed drug and immigrant smugglers.

    When the federal government increased security in the border cities, he said, it had the negative effect of forcing the smugglers to move to the large rural areas.

    "The border statistically is securer than ever.  That means nothing,” he said.  “That's like saying we fixed this whole bucket, except for this hole down here.  You know it's still not going to hold water."

    U.S. officials: look to the numbers 

    Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano frequently travels to the Southwest border and has made appearances before Congress where she has touted the recent improvements in border security and argued for passage of a comprehensive immigration bill.

    "Fewer people are trying to emigrate illegally into this country than in four decades,” she testified before a U.S. Senate committee earlier this year. “What I know is that apprehensions are low, because attempts are low. Drug seizures, contraband seizures, all the numbers that need to be up are up."

    Secretary of Homeland Security, Janet Napolitano, says immigration reform must "be dealt with this year."

    In the year 2000, agents along the length of the Southwest border reported detaining 1,643,679 immigrants for allegedly entering the country without proper documentation.  Twelve years later, in 2012, that number had plummeted to 356,873, a decrease of 78 percent.

    "San Diego and the Mexican border used to be the most lawless, violent places across the face of the earth with thousands of cross-border migrants on a given day,” said retired Gen. Barry McCaffrey, the former head of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. “We put in triple fencing and adequate Border Patrol and Coast Guard and it stopped."

    Ranchers: rural border areas not secure

    Critics of the administration's position on border security, however, say that while the overall apprehension numbers are down, they don't fully reflect the reality in areas where smugglers and immigrants still routinely make the illegal crossing into the United States from Mexico.

    NBC News

    An NBC hidden camera captures footage of border-crossers hiking across private U.S. ranch land in southern Arizona during late March.

    On a small ranch near the border in southwestern Arizona, a mother of several children spoke under the condition of anonymity.  She fears what she described as an increase in drug and immigrant smugglers crossing her land by day and night.

    "You're still having to pack a gun everywhere with you and make sure your kids can't go outside to play unless you are watching them." she said.  "The border is not secure. The Border Patrol doesn't have a very strong presence out here."

    Hidden cameras placed by NBC News on private land show smugglers carrying loads of marijuana in broad daylight.

    Texas police: a rise in immigrant smuggling

    In the small town of San Juan, Texas, a few miles north of the Mexican border, Police Chief Juan Gonzalez toured some of the human stash houses his officers recently uncovered. They had been used to hide immigrants from all over the world who were smuggled across the border into the United States.

    Gonzalez says his department has never dealt with as many undocumented immigrants as it encounters now. 

    "In the past three years we've seen an increase.  And it's not a steady increase, it's a massive increase," he said.  "Too many people are getting through.  We've got too many holes in the border and we don't have enough manpower to make sure we secure the border."

    About 75 miles north of the border, in Falfurrias, Texas, Benny Martinez, the chief deputy of the Brooks County Sheriff's Office, says his area is also deeply affected by a recent rise in illegal immigration. 

    “The trending is going up,” he said.  “It hasn’t gone down at all, not here.”

    Captain Juan Gonzales, Chief of the San Juan Texas police department, says he doesn't have the resources or staff to deal with the number of undocumented immigrants who cross the border.  

    Last year, officials and ranchers there found the bodies of 129 immigrants who died in the harsh terrain, presumably after crossing the border illegally.  Dozens are still unidentified and are buried in a local cemetery.  Some of the metal markers on the graves read, "Unknown Female" and "Unknown Remains."  One says, simply, "Bones."

    Martinez does not believe the U.S.-Mexican border is at all secure in South Texas, given the rise in illegal immigration in Brooks County. 

    "It's steady and I don't think it's going to go down, it's not going to happen anytime soon," he said.

    PHOTOS: Border patrol faces surge in rural Texas border crossings

    Ranchers like Linda Vickers, who lives just north of a Border Patrol highway checkpoint near Falfurrias, said she regularly sees, and often photographs, illegal immigrants cutting across her land as they try to evade the agents. 

    “I’m seeing groups of 10, groups of 20 and I’m seeing them more often,” she said.

    When asked about Obama administration claims that the border is more secure now, Vickers said that while it appears to be true elsewhere in the country, it’s not the case where she lives. 

    “In the state of Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley, the border is not secure and I don’t think you’ll find a person, a real person, to say it’s secure,” she said.

    Despite a dramatic drop in illegal immigration nationwide, South Texas, along the Rio Grande, is now seeing a rise in immigrants crossing the Mexican border, as many flee the poverty and violence in Central America. NBC's Mark Potter reports.

    Border patrol: South Texas a problem area

    In South Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley sector, immigrant apprehensions rose 65 percent from the years 2011 to 2012 -- from 59,243 to 97,762, according to U.S. Border Patrol -- bucking the national trend of falling immigration numbers. 

    This year, statistics reveal the Rio Grande Valley apprehension numbers have climbed even further, rising 55 percent compared to this time in 2012. 

    Federal agents believe it reflects a recent increase in people fleeing the poverty, drug gangs and violence in Central America.

    Privately, some agents say that, despite their great success in making more apprehensions, thousands of immigrants crossing the border illegally in South Texas still slip past them.

    A majority of people involved in the security debate agree that most of the U.S. cities along the border are now much safer than they used to be and have much lower crime rates, thanks to high fences, increased monitoring technology and thousands of Border Patrol and other federal agents deployed there.  

    But McCaffrey says U.S. officials need to do more for the rural areas.

    “You have to give the Border Patrol and Customs and Border Protection the dollars and the technology to protect the American frontier,” he said.  “We’ve got to do it.  We owe it to the American people.”

    This story was originally published on

  • Principal fires security guards to hire art teachers — and transforms elementary school

    Orchard Gardens, a school in Roxbury, Mass., had been plagued by bad test scores and violence -- but one principal's idea to fire the security guards and hire art teachers is helping turn it around. NBC's Katy Tur reports.

    By Katy Tur, Correspondent, NBC News

    ROXBURY, Mass. — The community of Roxbury had high hopes for its newest public school back in 2003. There were art studios, a dance room, even a theater equipped with cushy seating.

    A pilot school for grades K-8, Orchard Gardens was built on grand expectations.

    But the dream of a school founded in the arts, a school that would give back to the community as it bettered its children, never materialized.

    Instead, the dance studio was used for storage and the orchestra's instruments were locked up and barely touched. 

    The school was plagued by violence and disorder from the start, and by 2010 it was rank in the bottom five of all public schools in the state of Massachusetts.

    That was when Andrew Bott — the sixth principal in seven years — showed up, and everything started to change.

    “We got rid of the security guards,” said Bott, who reinvested all the money used for security infrastructure into the arts.


    Orchard Gardens a one-time 'career killer'

    In a school notorious for its lack of discipline, where backpacks were prohibited for fear the students would use them to carry weapons, Bott’s bold decision to replace the security guards with art teachers was met with skepticism by those who also questioned why he would choose to lead the troubled school.  


    “A lot of my colleagues really questioned the decision,” he said.  “A lot of people actually would say to me, ‘You realize that Orchard Gardens is a career killer? You know, you don't want to go to Orchard Gardens.’”

    Share your Big Idea with NBC Nightly News! Your ideas may be featured online -- or on our broadcast.

    But now, three years later, the school is almost unrecognizable. Brightly colored paintings, essays of achievement, and motivational posters line the halls. The dance studio has been resurrected, along with the band room, and an artists’ studio.

    The end result? Orchard Gardens has one of the fastest student improvement rates statewide. And the students — once described as loud and unruly, have found their focus.

    “We have our occasional, typical adolescent ... problems,” Bott said.  “But nothing that is out of the normal for any school.”

    The school is far from perfect. Test scores are better, but still below average in many areas. Bott says they’re “far from done, but definitely on the right path.”

    The students, he says, are evidence of that.

    ‘I can really have a future in this’

    Eighth grader Keyvaughn Little said he’s come out of his shell since the school’s turnaround.

    “I've been more open, and I've expressed myself more than I would have before the arts have came.”

    His grades have improved, too. Keyvaughn says it’s because of the teachers — and new confidence stemming from art class.  

    “There's no one particular way of doing something,” he said. “And art helps you like see that. So if you take that with you, and bring it on, it will actually help you see that in academics or anything else, there's not one specific way you have to do something.”

    Keyvaughn has now been accepted to the competitive Boston Arts Academy, the city’s only public high school specializing in visual and performing arts.  

    “All of the extra classes and the extra focus on it and the extra attention make you think that, ‘Hey, oh my gosh, I can really have a future in this, I don't have to go to a regular high school — I can go to art school,'” he said.

    Chris Plunkett, a visual arts teacher at Orchard Gardens school in Roxbury, Mass., spoke with NBC's Katy Tur about the success of the arts program that led to an inspiring turnaround for students.

    Chris Plunkett, who has taught visual arts at Orchard Gardens for the past three years, said the classes help develop trust between the faculty and students. During one particularly memorable project, he asked his eighth graders to write a memoir about a life experience and what they learned from it and then create a self-portrait.

    “I couldn't believe how honest and candid they were, and how much I learned about them,” Plunkett said.  “I mean it was really, it was one of the most incredible things I've seen in eighth graders.”

    Noting that kids need more than test prep, he added, it may have seemed “a little crazy” to get rid of the security guards to hire art teachers but “I definitely feel it was the right move in the end.”

  • 3 pals of Boston Marathon bombing suspect charged with coverup

     

    VKontakt

    Azamat Tazhayakov (left), Dias Kadyrbayev, and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (right) in a photo taken in Times Square. The picture, which appeared on Tsarnaev's page on VKontakt, the Russian equivalent of Facebook, is believed to be from November 2012.

    Three college friends of Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev were accused Wednesday of removing evidence from his dorm room as new details about the case emerged in court papers.

    Criminal complaints against the trio revealed that Tsarnaev cut his long hair after the April 15 attack but before the FBI released his photo and that he allegedly told friends a month earlier that he knew “how to make a bomb.”

    The court papers also suggest that the 19-year-old suspect was practically blasé when one of the friends texted to say he looked like the man in the FBI photos of the bomb suspect.

    Among his replies: ‘lol,” according to the complaints.


    Attorneys for the three suspects that were arrested for allegedly assisting in the Boston Marathon bombing maintain their clients' innocence and say that they were shocked by the attack.

    The complaints were filed against Azamat Tazhayakov and Dias Kadyrbayev, who were charged with conspiring to obstruct justice, and Robel Phillipos, who was charged with making false statements.

    The three friends, who are all 19-years-old, allegedly went to Tsarnaev’s dorm room after the FBI photos came out April 18 and left with a backpack that contained fireworks tubes that had been emptied of their explosive powder, according to the documents.

    The backpack was later tossed in the garbage, though the suspects’ gave conflicting statement about whether that happened before or after Tsarnaev had been publicly named as the bombing suspect following a night of bloody mayhem.

    As the allegations against them were unveiled, Tsarnaev’s three friends appeared in Boston Federal Court Wednesday afternoon. None of the charges suggested they had prior knowledge of the dual bombings that killed three and wounded more than 200 near the finish line of the race.

    FBI

    This May 1, 2013 FBI handout image released in a criminal complaint, shows fireworks tubes found in a backpack that was disposed of by friends of Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.

    Tazhayakov and Kadyrbayev — who are from Kazakhstan and were detained more than a week ago on immigration charges — did not seek bail and were ordered held until a May 14 hearing.

    Phillipos is being held until a detention hearing Monday. As he was read his rights, Federal Judge Marianne Bowler admonished him, saying, “I suggest you pay attention to me rather than looking down.”

    Outside the courthouse, Harlan Protass, a lawyer for Tazhayakov, said his client “has cooperated fully with the authorities and looks forward to the truth coming out in this case.”

    Robert Stahl, a lawyer for Kadyrbayev, said the college sophomore "absolutely denies" allegations of a coverup and was “shocked and horrified” by the bombing. He said his client told investigators about ditching the items from the dorm room but “did not know those items were involved in a bombing.” 

    Although only Tazhayakov is currently enrolled, all three men knew Tsarnaev from the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth.

    The narrative outlined in the court papers begins about a month ago when, according to Tazhayakov,  Tsarnaev told him and Kadyrbayev that he "knew how to make a bomb.”

    Kadyrbayev last saw Tsarnaev on April 17, two days after the bombing, at his dorm room and noticed that he had given himself a short haircut. They chatted outside the dorm, the complaint said.

    Little more than 24 hours later, the FBI released photos and video of two men wanted in the bombing. The suspects were not yet identified as Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and his older brother Tamerlan.

    At least two of the three friends thought one of the men in the pictures looked like Tsarnaev, and Kadyrbayev texted him to say so, the FBI said.

    YouTube

    This still image is taken from a YouTube video made by Robel Phillipos.

    Tsarnaev fired off a flurry of texts, including, "lol," "you better not text me" and "come to my room and take whatever you want," the court papers said.

    The trio then met at Tsarnaev's dorm room, where they learned he had already left and were let in by his roommate.

    After watching a movie, they spotted a dark backpack containing seven red tubes of fireworks that had been emptied, and Kadyrbayev decided to take it, according to one of the complaints.

    They also took a laptop – now turned over to the FBI, according to Kadyrbayev's attorney — because they didn't want to arouse the roommate's suspicions about the backpack, the document said.

    After leaving the dorm, the three friends "started to freak out" because they realized Tsarnaev was wanted in the bombing, Phillipos said, according to the feds.

    They then "collectively decided to throw the backpack and fireworks into the trash because they did not want Tsarnaev to get in trouble," Kadyrbayev told agents, according to the complaint.

    Kadyrbayev allegedly put the items in a large trash bag and tossed it into a dumpster near his off-campus apartment.

    The suspects' statements clashed on whether that happened the night of the April 18, before Tsarnaev was formally identified as the accused bomber, or the morning after – an important point if their defense is that they had no idea the items could be evidence.

    Tsarnaev never returned to his dorm room. Authorities say that after the FBI put their pictures out, he and Tamerlan executed a campus police officer, stole a car at gunpoint and led police on a wild chase.

    It ended with Tamerlan dead after a firefight and Dzhokhar captured in a boat in a Watertown, Mass., backyard. Dzhokhar, who was wounded, has been charged with using a weapon of mass destruction.

    Law enforcement officials have told NBC News that Dzhokhar told them during questioning he and his brother wanted to defend Islam after the American wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

    Investigators have been trying to determine if pair – ethnic Chechens who had lived in the U.S. for more than a decade — they received assistance from anyone else in the U.S. or abroad.

    NBC News' James Novogrod contributed to this report

     

    Related:

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    Heightened security, empty streets, and memorials mark the the days after the Boston Marathon bombings.

    This story was originally published on

  • Atlanta asks historic churches to move for new downtown stadium

    Two historic Atlanta churches, Friendship Baptist and Mount Vernon Baptist, are both located where the city wants to build a new stadium to replace the 20-year-old Georgia Dome. NBC's Ron Allen reports.

    By Ron Allen, Correspondent, NBC News

    ATLANTA -- Friendship Baptist Church is making a monumental decision as it celebrates its 151-year anniversary: It's one of two historic churches standing in the path of a new $1 billion domed football stadium that the Atlanta Falcons and the city want to build.

    Determined to keep the NFL team downtown, Atlanta is negotiating with Friendship Baptist to move.

    "I don't think [money] should even enter our decision-making. I really don't," said parishioner Juanita Jones Abernathy, whose late husband was a confidant of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. "It's a landmark. I think it should remain. It's been there for generations, and it needs to be there for generations to come."


    Friendship Baptist dates back to the Civil War when slaves first held services in a train boxcar near where the church now stands. Its basement has been home to the famous historically black colleges Spelman and Morehouse.

     

    For Abernathy, moving the church would be a mistake, "because that's our history," she said. "That's who we are."

    'I'm going to use all my power as mayor'

    The first offer was about $10 million, or about 10 times the appraised market value of the church and its land.

    "It is something that we are looking at very carefully and prayerfully because we understand that this, in a way, is a once-in-a-lifetime decision," said Friendship Baptist board leader Lloyd Hawk, who has been a member for about five decades. 

    When asked about the odds of selling or staying, Hawk responded, "I think the congregation right now is very open to possibilities and opportunities in discussion." 

    Leaders at the other church being asked to move, Mount Vernon Baptist, chose not to answer questions about their negotiations.

    Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed says he's moving forward while listening to what the Friendship congregation asks and has to say. If both churches refuse to move, there is an alternative, though less desirable, site nearby.

    "I'm going to use all of my power as mayor to make sure that Friendship Baptist Church locates just a short distance from where we are today. And they will be a stronger church, a stronger organization that is much more capable because of the millions of dollars that we are going to pay for that church," Reed said.

    Atlanta Falcons team owner Arthur Blank declined an on-camera interview with NBC News. But in an email he echoed Reed, saying, "No one is interested in forcing the church off its property."

    Blank also promised to invest $15 million in the communities near the new stadium. That is in addition to the hundreds of millions Blank say his family's foundation has invested or given to Greater Atlanta since the Georgia Dome was first built some 20 years ago. A bigger, brand-new stadium would bring both prestige and money, in addition to making Atlanta an attractive host city for the Super Bowl. 

    Reed insists the churches aren't being pressured. 

    "I've taken eminent domain off the table, so there's no threat or intimidation occurring here," Reed said. "If the majority of the members of Friendship don't want to move, the only thing you're going to hear from me is respect."

    'I will follow them where they go'

    After church on a recent Sunday morning, many parishioners at Friendship Baptist said they thought moving was inevitable.

    "My heart said 'no,' but you've got progress. And progress is going to prevail no matter what," said Larry Dozier, a member for 25 years.

    "I don't think it’s a trade-off situation," church-goer Pearl Logan said. "I think it's accommodating what Atlanta needs."

    Member James Hilliard summed it up this way: "It will be sad, but I will follow them where they go."

    Both congregations will make decisions in the coming week, with much thought, reflection and a lot of prayer.

  • Entrepreneurs find success in Detroit

    Seeing an opportunity for growth, companies are moving to Detroit, Mich. Now the city's rich history of manufacturing and design could make a comeback.  NBC's John Yang reports.

    By John Yang, Correspondent, NBC News

    DETROIT -- It's a scene that fits most people's image of Silicon Valley, not the Motor City: young engineers taking a break with a ping pong game, a business meeting in bean bag chairs, and rows and rows of 20-somethings intently studying computer code on screens.

    The setting is two floors of downtown Detroit's Madison Building, which was built in 1917 -- just four years after Henry Ford revolutionized manufacturing with the assembly line. It's now home to more than two dozen high-tech start-ups backed by two venture capital firms.  


    And it could be the home of Detroit's economic resurgence as these companies try to rekindle the entrepreneurial spirit of men named Ford, Olds and Chrysler who helped make this city the center of the automobile industry more than a century ago.

    "The tipping point is here," declared Jacob Cohen, vice president of Detroit Venture Partners. The firm, whose backers include Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert, has invested more than $11 million.

    "The entrepreneurs of Michigan are now staying in Detroit and they want to be part of this story," Cohen said.

    'Detroit has given us opportunities'

    After getting his master's degree at MIT, Michigan-native Paul Glomski moved to Detroit to start his company, Detroit Labs, which makes smartphone apps. Clients include GM and Domino's Pizza. In less than two years, the workforce has grown from four to 32--and is expected to hit 60 later this year. The company has already outgrown its workspace and is moving to a new location.

    Glomski doesn't think he would have had the same success somewhere else.

    "We're not about the sort of big, fancy announcements about what our start-up's going to do. We just go and make stuff and clients really like that," he said. "We definitely have that Midwest work ethic."

    The potential for growth is what prompted Harvard classmates Jay Gierak and Nathan Labent to move their website from San Francisco, where they started it, to Detroit, near the suburbs where the pair grew up.

    The company, which collects word-of-mouth recommendations for professional services like lawyers and accountants, got $2.5 million from Detroit Venture Partners.

    "Detroit has given us opportunities that San Francisco never really presented," said Labent. "Here we immediately stand out and it's been a lot easier than it would have been."

    Gierak added, "There's a ton of talent and there's not a lot of web companies like us competing for their services."

    Willie J. Holley III and Lakishka Raybon, employees of the watchmaker Shinola, share their pride in creating watches by hand. Heath Carr, CEO of Bedrock Manufacturing, explains why it is important to be in Detroit, a city with a rich manufacturing history.

    Beyond the traditional auto industry 

    Entrepreneurship and new technology haven't forsaken Detroit's mainstay auto industry. Albert Lam, a former top executive of England's Lotus Cars, hopes to turn around four years of setbacks and begin making an electric car in the Detroit area. His company bears the same name -- Detroit Electric -- as a company that made electric vehicles in the first half of the 20th century. Among the owners of those Detroit Electric models: Thomas Edison, John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Mamie Eisenhower.

    Another new company with an old name is hoping to play on the boast "Made in Detroit" with watches and bicycles. Shinola -- the old shoeshine polish brand immortalized in the unprintable World War II-era aphorism -- has set up shop in the former General Motors Research Laboratory, where engineers once designed such iconic cars as the Corvette.

    It's owned by Bedrock Manufacturing, a private equity and venture capital firm backed by Tom Kartsotis, founder of the watch and clothing company, Fossil.

    Bedrock CEO Heath Carr said that when they looked for factory sites, "Detroit was at the top of the list because of manufacturing, it's history, it's heritage in the auto industry."

    The company's already provided second chances for its workers.

    Watch assembly line leader Willie J. Holley III studied engineering in college and was working as a security guard for the building as Shinola was setting up shop. He was curious about what they were doing -- and ended up getting hired.

    "Everything is still fresh, everything is still being put into place," he said. "And being a part of something like that is just amazing."

    Five years ago, Lakishka Raybon lost her auto industry job to automation and lost her home as a result. After that, she worked with Alzheimer's patients in nursing homes, but now works on Shinola's watch assembly line. She feels confident this job will be more secure.

    "I don't think a machine can do what we do," she said. "Machines don't have passion."

  • U.S. intelligence chief orders review of Boston Marathon case

    Win Mcnamee / Getty Images file

    Director of National Intelligence James Clapper has ordered a broad review of how the U.S. handled information before the Boston Marathon bombing.

    The nation's top intelligence official has ordered a review of the Boston Marathon bombing case amid questions about whether the U.S. should have known one of the suspects posed a threat.

    Retired Gen. James Clapper, the director of national intelligence, has asked the inspector general who oversees the intelligence community to take a broad look at various agencies' handling of information they received long before the bombing.


    “Based on what I've seen so far, the FBI performed its duties, Department of Homeland Security did what it was supposed to be doing, but this is hard stuff,'' President Obama said at a Tuesday news conference.

    In 2011, Russia asked the U.S. to check into Tamerlan Tsarnaev because they suspected he was becoming radicalized. The FBI interviewed him but found no sign of terrorist activity.

    His name and the name of his mother were put into intelligence databases that track possible terrorist ties, and U.S. agents were "pinged" when Tsarnaev flew last year to Russia, a trip that included time in the militant outpost of Dagestan.

    Less than a year after he returned to the U.S., the 26-year-old ethnic Chechen and his younger brother, Dzhokhar Tsarneav, planted two bombs near the finish line of the April 15 marathon, killing three and wounding more than 200 more people, authorities said.

    Since then, there's been debate about whether Russia gave the U.S. enough information about Tsarnaev and whether the FBI and CIA should have been more thorough in vetting Tsarnaev.

    “It’s not as if the FBI did nothing,” Obama said. “They not only investigated the older brother, they interviewed him.”Obama said that while there were “no signs” of terrorist tendencies then, investigators want to know if something happened later to trigger Tsarnaev’s radicalization and what the U.S. can do to detect such shifts in the future.

    He said Russia has been “very cooperative” since the attack, but also noted that “old habits die hard” and that some suspicion between between the two countries’ intelligence agencies, dating back decades, has survived.

    He portrayed the review as an effort to improve intelligence, not find fault with anyone.

    “What Director Clapper is doing is standard procedure around here,” Obama said.

    Still, one U.S. counter-terrorism official said some in the intelligence community are "furious" about Clapper's probe, because it suggests that mistakes were made.

    Tamerlan Tsarnaev was killed during a shootout with police. His brother was arrested after a manhunt that shut down Boston for a day and has been charged with using a weapon of mass destruction.

    Related:

    Cambridge Police Dept.

    Tamerlan Tsarnaev is seen in a booking photo from a 2009 arrest in Cambridge, Mass.

     

     

    This story was originally published on

  • Could Boston bombing suspect avoid death penalty? Talks have started

     

    Investigators have taken a DNA sample from the wife of slain suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev to compare with the female DNA discovered on the pressure cooker from one of the Boston bombs. The FBI is also examining whether Tamerlan Tsarnaev met with two men in Dagestan who are considered radical Muslims. NBC's Pete Williams reports.

    Prosecutors and lawyers for surviving Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev have begun very early discussions about a possible deal, in which he would cooperate in exchange for avoiding the death penalty, legal sources said Monday.

    As details of the nascent negotiations emerged, a lawyer who has helped other high-profile suspects cut deals that kept them out of the execution chamber got permission to join Tsarnaev's defense team.

     

    Attorney Judy Clarke's past clients have included Unabomber Ted Kaczynski and, more recently, Jared Loughner, who was spared facing the death penalty for the Tucson, Ariz., shooting that nearly killed former U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords in 2011.

     

    Tsarnaev, 19, is charged with using a weapon of mass destruction for the April 15 bombing that killed three and wounded 176 in Boston and could face the death penalty.

    The suspect's older brother and accused accomplice, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a firefight with police, and investigators are trying to determine if anyone else was involved.

    Law enforcement officials said they took a DNA sample Monday from Tamerlan's wife, Katherine Russell Tsarnaev, to compare to female DNA found on a piece of pressure cooker used to make one of the bombs.

    The wife has said she had no inkling of her husband's plans, and officials cautioned that the DNA on the cooker could have come from a worker at the store where it was purchased.

    AP Photo/The Lowell Sun & Robin Young

    Boston bombing suspects Tamerlan (left) and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.

    The FBI is also looking into whether the older brother met with two men considered radical Muslims during a 2012 trip to the Russian republic of Dagestan. Both men — William Plotnikov and Makmud Nidal — were killed last year in Russian operations.

    The spotlight has also been trained on the Tsarnaevs' mother, Zubeidat, who was caught on a Russian wiretap talking to Tamerlan about jihad, U.S. officials said.

    That conversation led the Russians to ask the FBI to look into Tamerlan in 2011. He and his mother were put into a U.S. terrorism database, but no further action was taken.

    While some members of Congress have faulted the Russians for not giving the U.S. more explicit details about the mother, officials in Washington said she spoke so generally about jihad that it's not likely the information would have influenced the outcome of the 2011 probe.


    Before he was given a Miranda warning and stopped talking, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev told investigators that he and his brother were motivated by religion but acted alone, without help from any overseas terrorist organization.

    But law enforcement officials believe someone may have carried items out of his dorm room at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth a few days after the bombings and they searched local landfills for them. So far nothing has turned up, but investigators are still looking in garbage containers.

    Three federal public defenders were appointed to represent Tsarnaev, and they asked that two death penalty specialists be added to the team. The court approved Clarke but said the request for a second lawyer, David Bruck of the Washington and Lee University School of Law, was premature since Tsarnaev has not been indicted yet.

    Wounded by police during his capture,Tsarnaev was transferred last week from a private Boston hospital to a federal medical prison in central Massachusetts.

    Related:

  • Prosthetics advances made for war hold hope for Boston victims

    Those who lost their limbs in the Boston Marathon bombing are finding support among military veterans who have gone through similar things, NBC's Lester Holt reports.

    with Kim Cornett and Matthew DeLuca, NBC News

    Boston Marathon spectators who lost limbs in the bombings stand to benefit from years of advances in prosthetic medicine made at Walter Reed Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Md.

    Calvin Todd, 26, is among those who have discovered a new life with the help of doctors at Walter Reed. The army medic was on foot patrol in Afghanistan in October 2012 when he stepped on an explosive.

    “I stepped on a secondary and lost my lower left leg,” Todd said of the injury, which years ago might have immobilized him for good.

    He is one of nearly 1,600 service members to lose limbs in combat since the start of the war in Afghanistan. Six months after his injury, Todd said he is “almost back to new,” and has even started running and playing lacrosse again.

     “I’ve got numerous prosthetics,” Todd said. “I’ve probably got four or five different feet for different activities. I got one for ice skating. I got a running leg. You know, my everyday foot. I got a foot for hiking.”

    The traumatic battlefield injuries sustained by troops on the frontlines have helped change the future for all amputees, doctors at Walter Reed said.

    “We have plenty of examples from our injured service members who have not only survived, you know, extraordinary blast injuries but have thrived from them,” said Col. Paul Pasquina, chair of the center’s department of rehabilitation medicine. “And there’s no reason to think that the victims in Boston won’t do the same.”

    Whether it is bionic hands, knees, ankles, or feet, the advances at Walter Reed have been born of a decade of brutal conflict in which explosions have claimed lives and mangled limbs. While recovery often remains a painful process, the prospect for patients who have lost arms or legs is better than ever.

    “While there have been significant advances in rehabilitation medicine and prosthetic technology over the last decade, that’s not to say recovery from a major limb loss is not extremely challenging, but there’s great hope,” Pasquina said. “And people are now able to achieve things that they weren’t able to achieve in the past.”

    Among those who have overcome seemingly insuperable odds is Travis Mills, one of five quadruple amputees from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. A service member in the 82nd Airborne Division, Mills was on a walking patrol on April 10, 2012, when an improvised explosive device went off as he stopped for a break.

    “I sat in the wrong spot,” Mills said. “And an IED went off.”

    It was Mills’ third tour in Afghanistan. He had a wife and baby daughter not even a year old at home. Now he can help the 18-month-old girl brush her teeth in the morning.

    “My daughter, that’s my biggest support,” Mills said. “The biggest thing I work for is to go every day to get better so I can be the best dad I can be for her.”

    The cost of prosthetics can run from a few thousand dollars to an estimated tens of thousands and beyond. And while it’s unclear whether insurance will cover these types of prosthetics for the marathon victims, they have more options than ever.

    “I’m very fortunate that the research that has been done has benefited myself due to my injuries,” Mills said. “I know that I would’ve got hurt like I did 10 years ago — I probably wouldn’t have made it off the battlefield.”

    Whether the injured come from battlefields halfway around the world or a sidewalk on Boylston Street, traumatic wounds are often accompanied by deeper scars, said Dr. Harold Wain, chief of Walter Reed’s psychiatry consultation liaison service.

    “They need to have a good perspective of who they are. They can feel good about themselves. They have to accept themselves,” Wain said.

    “We’re constantly learning. There are new advances going on in prosthetics, in treatment, in medications,” Wain said. “The goal is to get them back as whole, as quickly as possible, and to reinforce them for their assets rather than just looking at their liabilities.”

    For Calvin Todd, he only needs to look to his side for inspiration. While the landscape of Afghanistan is a long way from Massachusetts, this war veteran knows what the Boston victims have to overcome and what they have to look forward to.

    “There’s a lot you can do. The sky’s the limit,” Todd said. “You can do anything you want to do, just work for it."